knftrf `{p>tiyilf epatinft emyfpfepaRqf ttfTvmf

k.ra.kiRxf]YYMrftfti mbfBmf p. ;rtft[cami

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M[f N\lfkqf

kviwrf `R]kiri natrf knft EvAqtf TtitfTcf ecabfCAv, epaRdfCAv, ;AccfCAvkqf niAbnft pl N\lfkAq ;ybfbiy<qfqarf. ;nft N\lfkAqpf p[f[ir]fD tiRMAbkqak MA[vrf t]iAkm]i v.C. ecgfklfvray piqfAq `vrfkqf pKtfTtf etaKtfT, MRkEvqf p[f[iR tiRMAb '[fb tAlpfpilf tiRenlfEvli et[f[inftiy Acv citftanft N\bfptipfp<kf kzktfti[rff YM lmf evqiyidfDqfq[rf. ;nft vriAcyilf knftrf `{p>ti ptftanf tiRMAbyak `AmnfTqfqT. knftrf `{p>tiyi[f viqkfkmf kiRpa[nft variyarf `vrfkqaLmf 'ZtpfpdfDqfqT. tmizilf mdfDm[fbi ~gfkiltftiLmf knftrf `{p>tiyilf k]fd ;AbAmtf ttfTvgfkAqpf Epraciriyrf Clothey (1984) 'Ztiy<qfqarf.

Enakfkmf

cmypf p>clfkqalf pIFkfkpfpdfD mkfkqf `Amti ;znfT vaZmf ;nfnaqilf, pl N\bfba]fDkQkfK M[f vazfnft MRk[f `Rqf epbfb `R]kiri natrf tIdfFy<qfq emyfpf epaRqf viqkfktfAttf tbfkalcf cmycf Vzf niAlyilf ~rayfvEt ;kfkdfDAryi[f Mkfkiy EnakfkmaKmf. ;t[f py[ak, oR nammf Orf uRvmf ;lflat MZ Mtbf epaRqf pl cmygfkqiAdEy epyrf `qvilf maB pDki[fbEt tvir `FpfpAdya[ ttfTvpf epaR]fAmyilf otftiRkfki[fbT '[fpT epbpfpDmf.   

emyfpf epaRqf(Absolute Reality)

m[TkfKmf ecalfLkfKmf `pfpabfpdfd YM l emyfpfepaRqf 'tft[fAmtfT '[fB wa[ikqaLmf viqkfKtlf 'qitlfl. emyfpfepaRAqkf ka]fpTEv `biv<AdAm '[fB tmizf mkfkQkfKpf p]fAd naqiElEy `biv<Ar vzgfkiyvrf tiRvqfQvrf ~Kmf.

'pfepaRqf yarfyarfvayfkf Ekdfpi{mf `pfepaRqf

emyfpfepaRqf ka]fp tbiv< (tiRkfKbqf)

pti (;Ab) wa[mf cibiTmf ;[fbi pC (~[fma), pac (mlgfkqf) wa[mf mdfDmf miKnfEtarf, emyfpf epaRAq u]rfvT `t[i{mf kF[mf '[fptilf _ymilfAl. ;nft niAlAmAy mabfBvtbfKtf et[f[adfDpf pkfti marfkfktftilf, MZ Mtbf epaRQkfKpf pl EvB uRvgfkqf `AmtfT, epyrfkQmf ekaDtfT, Ekayilfkqf kdfF, p> Ackqf ecyfT, `vrvrf KDmfpgfkAqkf kakfKmf etyfvgfkqak vzipDvT mr p< . ;gfg[mf ecyfvT pamr mkfkAq ;Abvzipf pDtfTmf Mybfciyi[f Mtlf kdfdmf '[fpAt niA[v< ekaqfqlf n[fB. Acv cmytftilf ;nftkf EkadfpaDkfKkf kAdkfkalf ;dfdT kaArkfkalf `mfAmyarf ~vrf.

(`[fBmf tiRv<Rvmf ka]aEt ~dfpdfEd[f

;[fBmf tiRv<Rvmf k]fFEl[f -- '[fBnfta[f

'vfv<REva Nmfpira[f '[fparfkdfK '[f uArkfEk[f

'vfv<REva ni[f uRvmf "T) --- kaArkfkalf `mfAmyarf (`bfp<ttf tiRvnftati) 61..

`mfAmyaRkfKpf pi[f[rf vnft Acv cmykf Krvrfkqalf Etvarpf padlfkqilf ;nft vzipadfD MAb vqrfkfkpfpdfdT.

(ecnftmizrf, etyfvmAb navrf, ecZnbfkAl

etrinft `veraD

`nftmilf K]tftvrfkqf `rfcfcA[kqf ecyfy

`mrfki[fb `r{rf) --- tiRwa[cmfpnftrf (Etvartf tiRMAb)3-80-4.

(....nitftLmf 'mfpira{Ady Ekayilf p<kfK,

p<lrfvt[fM[f `lkidfD, emZkfKmf ;dfD,

     p>maAl p<A[nfT "tfti, p<kzfnfT paF,

tAl ~rkf KmfpidfD, PtfTmf ~F..)---tiRnav<kfkrcrf (Etvartf tiRMAb) 6-31-3)

p<ra] sfknftA[tf tmizilf knft[ak knft p<ra]mf '[fb N\li[f YMlmf `qitftvrf kcfciypffp civacariyarf. ;vrfkQkfKpf pi[f[rf Eta[fbiy `R]kiri natrf MZ Mtbf epaRAqkf 'knft[f' '[kf eka]fD, wa[kf knft[aktf tmizf mkfkQkfK vzgfki[arf. pti wa[tfTd[f PFy Mbfbiy pkftiyalf ta[f emyf epaRqf u]rfAv `Ady MFy<mf '[fb Emla[ ttfTvtfAt mkfkqiAdEy prpfpiyT knftrf `{p>tiyi[f t[icf cibpfp< ~Kmf.

emyfpf epaRqf u]rfAv `Znftkf Pbiy kar]mf.

knftrf `{p>tiyilf emyfpf epaRAqkf KbitfTpf pl ;dgfkqilf (padlfkqf 8,11,20,45) ;nft N\lilf vliy<BtftpfdfDqfqT. p<ra]kf kAtkQmf uRv vzipaDmf tAztfEtagfkiy EpaT `R]kiriyarf, YMl emyfpf epaRQkfK mikfk MkfkiytfTvmf trkf kar]mf '[f[ '[fB cinftikftf tkfkT.

mkfkQkfKpf pkfti marfkfktfAtpf p<Ktftiy nay[fmarfkQmf, ~zfvrfkQmf mAbnft pi[f[rf, `Dtft cil Nbfba]fDkqilf Acv, Av]v cmytfAtcf carfnft `FyarfkQkfKqf ;Rnft EvBpaDkqf miKnfT epRmf p>clfkqak uRevDtft[. oR URkfKpf EpaKmf vziAy UrakEv ']f}mf niAly<mf uRvkiyT. uRv vzipaD '[fpT, uR, `Rvbfb MZ Mtbf epaRAq m[tftilf niAlkfkcf ecyftbfKmf, u]rftbfKmf "bfb vzimdfDmf '[fpAt mkfkQkfK niA[v>dfDmf epaRdfEd '[fpEt knftrf `{p>ti '[fb wa[ N\li[f cmypf epaR]fAmyaKmf. ttfTvkf kRtfTkfkQkfKmf, vzi padfD MAbkQkfKmf nilviy ;Ad evqiAykf KAbpfpEt ;nfN\li[f N]f]iy kRtfT '[lamf.

`ri, `r[f ;RvRkfKqf uyrfnftvrf yarf '[f{mf vi[avibfK Mtftayfpfp< AvkfKmf epaRdfD `R]kiriyarf ;r]fD vzikAqkf Akya]fdarf. knftrf `{p>tiyi[f YMlmf YMlpf prmfepaRAq uRvtfTkfKqf `dkfk MFyaT '[fpAty<mf, p<l[fkQkfKmf `biv<kfKmf `pfpalf pdfdT '[fpAty<mf vliy<Btfti[arf. pir]v mnftirma[ OgfkartfAtcf civaynm '[fB _nfetZtftaLmf mdfDmf `[fbi, ~ebZtftakiy crv[pv '[fptaLmf Kbikfklamf '[fpT `R]kiriyaRAdy Etbfbmf.

;r]fdavtaktf tiRpfp<kzilf ~yirtfTkfKmf Embfpdfd ecyfy<dfkqilf knft[ff, civepRma[f - uAm ;vrfkqi[ff Amnft[f '[fBmf, `DtfTtf tiRmali[f MRk[f '[fBmf tiRmfptf tiRmfpkf Pbi Acv- Av]v `FyarfkqiAdEy oRAm m[pfpa[fAmAy vqrftftarf.

pkfKvpfpdfd m[mf pAdtft wa[ikQkfKmf `bEvarfkQkfKmf, uRvmbfb YMl pf epaRAqkf KbitfTtf tiya[mf ecyfT `t{d[f kltftlf catftiymf ~klamf. ~[alf ulk vazfvilf cikfK]fD, mygfki, citB]fd m[mf uqfq "A[EyarfkfK `gfg[mf m[At oRMkpf pDtfTtlf 'qitlfl. YMvaAckQmf, MmfmlgfkQmf, tIviA[kQmf niAbnfT, ;lflb vazfkfAkyilf uz[fB tiriEvarfkfK MZ Mtbf epaRAqkf KbitfT tiya[ikfk v< mf, `tfTd[f o[fbbkf klkfk v< mf, pl tAdkqf ;Adwfclak ;Rkfki[fb[. ~tlalf oR nammf Orf uRvmf ;lflat emyfpf epaRQkfK, ~yirmf tiRnamgfkqf VdfF, oRAmy<d[f vzipDtlf, `nft emyfpf epaRAq manftrf `A[vRmf u]RmfpF ecyfvtbfK uB TA]yak `Amy<mf '[f{mf `riy ttfTvmf knftrf `{p> tiyilf viqkfkpfpDki[fbT.

`bitbfK `rita[Tmf, K]mf KbiybfbTma[ prmf epaRAq u]rfnfT ekaqfQmf epaRdfD, `tA[ `vrvrf m[TkfK uknft uRvgfkqf `AmtfT etyfvgfkqak vzipDvT, k]fD `binftAvkqi[ff YY YMl mf ka] o]f]at o[fAb `bitbfkak, '[fb citftanfttfti[f `FpfpAdyilf `AmnftT. emyfpfepaRqf u]rf v< kfK MtbfpF etyfv vzipaD '[fpT pznftmizrfkqi[f Etbfbmf. ;T pznf tmizf mkfkqf pkfti marfkfktfTkfK vzgfkiy oR utfti '[fB Pbi[alf `T miAkyakaT. ;nft u]fAmAy `biyat `kcf cmytfEtarf cilrf, vzi pDmf etyfvgfkqf, YMl pf prmf epaRAq `Ady v< mf `tfTd[f klkfk v< mf oR "]i Epalf ut v< ki[fb[ '[fpAt mbnfT viDki[fb[rf. p< bcf cmygfkEqa ;nftcf cIriy cmy ttfTvtfAtEy `biyamlf pl etyfvgfkAq v]gfKpvrf '[fB tvbakpf epaRqf ekaqfvrf.

etyfvgfkqf pl '[fpT ka]fEpari[f kRtfT niAl. prmf epaRqf o[fEb '[fpT YMlpf epaRQkfKriy ttfTv niAl. knft[f '[fBmf (padlf 33), uAmyaqf Amnft[f '[fBmf (padlf 46), ktirf Evlv[f '[fBmf (padlf 46), Kk[f (padlf 15) '[fBmf, mAb nayk[f '[fBmf (padlf 46), MRk[f (padlf 15) '[fBmf pl namgfkqf ecalflitf etaZvtalf oRAmpf epaRAqpf p[fAmyilf Epabfbipf p]iki[fEbamf '[fpT viqgfKmf.

;pfpFpfpdfd prmf epaRqi[f t[fAmkAq `{p>ti kidfFy wa[ikQmf `pfEpri[fptfAtpf pibRkfK 'DtfTArkfk ;ylatvrfkqak ;Rkfki[fb[rf. `R]kiri natRmf ;tbfK vilkfkilfAl. `t[alf ta[f `{p>tiyilf pl ;dgfkqilf `vrf, nviltftKEma (padlf 28), oRvrfkfK ;AcvipfpTEv (padlf30), ~]fdT ecpfp<mEta (padlf 38), tnftT ecpfp<mEta (padlf44) '[fB PbiyiRpfpAtkf ka]fki[fEbamf. ;Et kar]tfti[alf ta[f prmf epRqf 'Omf' '[f{mf pir]v YRpmayf, nat, vinfT, kAlkQkfK `pfpalf pdfdT ( padlf 1) '[fb `riy kRtftalf viqkfkpf pdfdT. `R]kiri natri[f emyfpf epaRqf ttfTvtfAtpf pdmf 1 YMlmf `biylamf.   mikv<mf Ndfpma[ ttfTvtfAt ;tftA[ Clpmak viqkfKvT criya '[fpT Mkfkiymlfl. ulk vazfvilf mygfkitf tiriy<mf 'qiEyarfkQmf ;Ab ;[fptfAt u]rlamf '[fB knftrf `{p>tiyilf PbpfpdfDqfqAt vliy<BtfTvEt ;t[f EnakfkmaKmf.

knftrf `{p>tiyilf `R]kirinatrf emyfpf epaRqf ttfTvgfkAqy<mf `{p>ti enbikAqy<mf Pbiy<qfqarf. 'lfElaRkfKmf 'qitilf viqgfKmf epaRdfD `AvkAqpf pl tAlpfp<kqilff etaKtfT, `Av ka]pfpDmf padlfkqi[f vriAc ']fkQd[f ;A]tfTpf pi[f vRmf `dfdvA]yilf ekaDkfkpfpdfDqfqT.

ttfTvmf                  `{p>ti padlf vriAc ']f

emyfpf epaRqf t[fAm 3, 8, 11, 18, 19, 20, 21, 28, 36, 45, 49, 51

YMvaAc                                      2, 4, 5, 9, 14, 16, 24, 34, 39, 43

Mmfmlgfkqf                                     

~]vmf 3, 28, 37

kRmmf                                     7, 14, 16, 25, 31, 40

maAy                                     5, 7, 8, 17, 25, 27, 29, 31, 37, 35, 39, 40, 48

tiRvF                                       6, 14, 21, 23, 53, 40, 44

`Rqf                                         1,1 5, 21, 25, 30, 51

wa[mf                                        13, 17, 30, 42, 45, 48, 50

tiya[mf                                      42,49

Tti                                             15, 21, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 41, 46

`{p>ti                                       17, 20, 28, 30, 38, 43, 44, 49

emyf u]rfv<kfKtf tAdkqf

Mtbfk]f, _mfp<l[fkqi[f vcpfpdfD `t[alf viAqy<mf m]f, ep]f, epa[f ~kiy YYMvaAckAq `dkfk Ev]fDmf. maAyvida YMEvdA] '[fB MFnftiDEma (padlf 39) '[fB PbiyT ;At viqkfKmf epaRdfEd. vivliymf Mtliy p<bc fcmy N\lfkQmf ~Acyi[f viAqv<kAqkf KbipfpiDki[fb[.

`DtfT nmfAmpf pIFkfKmf Mmfmlgfkqakiy ~]vmf, kRmmf, maAy ~kiyvbfAb vilkfk Ev]fDmf. 'lflamf `b '[fA[ ;znft nlmf ( padlf 2), ya[akiy '[fA[ viZgfki evBnf ta[ayf niAl ni[fbT (padlf 28), `bivalf `FEyaDmf `knfAtAyEy ( padlf37) '[fb `Fkqf ya[f, '[T '[fb ;RAmkAqy<mf ~]vtfAty<mf Kbifpfp[. viDvayf, viDvayf viA[yaAvy<Em (padlf7) viA[Eyad viDmf ktirf Evlf ( padlf 40) '[fpAv kRm mltfAtkf KbipfpiDv[. mkmaAy kAqnftid (padlf 5), `kmamf '{mipf pirmgfekd (padlf 8), '[fb ecabfebadrfkqf niAlyaAmAy (maAyAy) u]rftfTv[.

emyfpfepaRAq u]r, ulk `bip< (pC, pac wa[mf) EpataT. pl N\lfkAqkf kbfB ulk `bivalf mdfDmf YMlpf epaRAq `biy MFyaT `tbfKpf pti wa[mf Ev]fDmf '[fpAt (`bieva[fB `b ni[fB `bivarf `bivilf ( padlf 48) '[fb padlilf ka]lamf. emyf u]rfv<kfKt tAdyayf nibfpAvkAqpf pdmf 2 Yviqkfkikf kadfDki[fbT.   

emyf u]frfv<kfK enbikqf

`{p>tikfKtf tAdyayiRpfpAvkAq `binft pibK ;Ab u]rfv<kfKtf TA]yayiRpfpAvkAq ~rayftlf n[fB. uRv<mf `Rvmak nibfKmf prmf epaRAq m[mf uRkitf Tti ecyftlf Ev]fDmf. enwfckfk[klfLmf enkizffnfT uRk '[fB kapfp<pf pKtiyiElEy PbiyT kv[ikfktf tkfkT. uRKmf ecylf tnfT u]rfv< '[fB `Rqfvayf (padlf 15) '[fpT `R]kiriyarf vakfK. oR nammf Orf uRvmf ;lflarfkfK ~yirnf tiRnammf ecalflitf Tti ecyfvtilf tvbilfAl. MRk[f, Kmr[f, Kk[f ( padlf 15), knfta, ktirfEvlvE[, uAmyaqf Amnfta, Kmra, mAb naykE[ (padlf 46( '[fB plvaB `R]kiri natrf Tti ecyftiRkfkibarf.

Ttitftal mdfDmf EpataT. Eveba[fAby<mf pbfbi ']f]amlf emyfpf epaRAqtf tiya[ikfk Ev]fDmf. KbiAykf KbiyaT Kbitftbiy<mf (padlf 42), t[f[nf t[i ni[fbT ta[f `biy (padlf 49) '[fpAvkAq m[At oRMkpf pDtfTtlf '[fb tAlpfpilf `dkfkikf Pblamf. emq[ niAlyilf ta[f `{p>ti kidfDmf '[fpT Cmfma ;R ecalflb '[fbLEm `mfma epaRqf o[fBmf `binftilE[ (padlf 12) '[fptalf `biypfpDmf.

m[MRktf TtikfKmf `FEyarfkfK ;Abv[f 'qiEya[f '[fpT MRk[f, Kbmkqf patmf etaZta[f (p]iya[ '[ vqfqi ptmf p]iy<mf ( padlf 6), paAqkfKzlf vqfqi patmf p]iy<mf (padlf 22)) '[fb `Fkqalf u]rlamf.

emyfpfepaRQd[f kltftlf '[fpT ;Abv[f tiRvFkAqtf tAlyilf VFkf ekaqfqlf,

(cr]mf VDmfpF tnftT (padlf 44)) '[fpt[f YMlmf u]rftftpfpdfdT. emyfpf epaRAq u]bfvtbfK "bfb vzikAqpf pdmf 3 viqkfKmf.

emyfpf epaRQd[f kltftlf

;TkaBmf Pbiyvabfbalf knftrf `{p>tiyilf Kbipfpidpfpdfd emyfpf epaRqf kltftlf '[f{mf ttfTvmf wa[ikQkfK mdfDm[fbi ;lflbtftfilf vazfnfT _mfp<l[fkqf Nkrfv<mf epaRqf :dfDtLEm vazfkfAkyi[f KbikfEkaqf '[fB kRti vazfpvrfkQkfKmf oR mRnftakv<mf marfkfkmakv<mf ;RkfKmf '[fptilf _ymilfAl. ma]ikfkvackrf civp<ra]tftilf Pbiy 'ecalfliy padfF[f epaRQ]rfnfT ecalfLvarf' '[fb `FAy niA[v< eka]fdalf, ;nft `benbi MAbkqi[f Em[fAmy<mf `vciyMmf n[fK viqgfKmf.

'DtfTkf kadfdak viA[kAq `bEv vid Ev]fDmf '[fb `bv<Ar TbvikQkfKpf epaRtftmak ;Rkfklamf. ;lflbtftilf vazfEvarf vazfkfAkyilf evbfbi epb viA[kqf ecyfykf kdAmpf pdfFRkfkibarfkqf. ;nftcf VzfniAlyilf viA[, viA[yi[f KbikfEkaqf, viA[ ~bfBtli[f Evkmf, viA[pfpy[f, viA[yi[f viAqv< ~kiyAvkAq n[fK ~rayfnfT ecylfpdfdalf ta[f, tIy viA[kAq `kbfbi, vAryAry<d[f nlfl viA[kAqcf ecyfy<<mf ~bfbAlpf epblamf. ;tA[pf EpraAc '{mf pi]iyilf pi]ipdfD (padlf 16) '[fb `Fkqalf u]rlamf. ;lfAl '[fbalf, epaRqiRnfTmf "Azyrayf, mA[ ;RnfTmf t[iyrayf, ubviRnfTmf `natiyayf, udLmf uqfqMmf EcarfnfT, m[ `Amti K[fbi, pi]iy<bfB, ;drfpfpd EnriDmf.

ulkiLqfq cmy N\lfkqf `A[tftiLmf ;AbAmtf t[fAmkQmf, m[itpf p]fp<kQmf p<ra]kf kAtkQd{mf, nmfp<tbfkriy nikzfcfcikQd{mf ;A]tfTkf PbpfpDvT mrp<. `vbfAbpf pKtftbiv<kfK ovfvatAv '[fB oTkfKvAtvid pkfKvpfpdat uqfqgfkQkfKtf tIyAv, nlflAv '[fpAvkAq viqkfkkf AkyaqpfpDmf utfti '[fB ekaqfvT MAbyaKmf.

knftrf `{p>tiyilf Crrfkqf uyrf niAlAyy<mf, `Crrfkqf tazfAmkf K]tfAty<mf Kbikfki[fb[. `Crrfkqi[f `rc[a[ VrpTm[f ~]vtfti[f ci[f[mf. MRk[f Akyilf "nftiy<qfq Ecvlf natmakv<mf, myilf vinftakv<mf, Evlf wa[makv<mf uRvkpfpdfDqfq[. Omf '[fb pir]vmf, emyfpf epaRqf o[fbayf, ud[ayf, Evbayf nibfKmf tbfpr niAlkAqkf KbikfKmf. (~Dmfpri Evl]i Ecvel[ (padlf 1).

viti '[f{mf ecalf pirmA[kf KbikfKmf. (viti ka}mf udmfAp vida viA[Ey[f (padlf 35) '[f{mf padlf cinftikfktf tkfkT. oRv[f ecyfy<mf viA[kfK "bfp pibvi vitikfkpfpDki[fbT '[fpAtkf kadfDmf. viA[yi[fbi pibvi ;lfAl '[fpT EkadfpaD. maEvzf c[[mf ekd maAy vida (39( '[f{mf `Fkqf YYYMlmf YMvaAckqf `Bkfkpf pd Ev]fDmf '[fpT p<lpfpDmf.

emyfpf epaRqfttfTvMmf cmy vatgfkQmf.

eclfvmf miKnfT, viwfwa[mf vqrfnfT, mkfkqf mikvak M[fE[bi ;RkfKmf ;nfnaqilf `R]kiri natrf knftrf `{p>tiyilf Pbiy `Rqf vakfK 'tfTA] epaRtftma[T '[fB cinfftipfpT `vciymf. mtmf, ;[mf, cati, emazi, epaRqf '[fb `FpfpAdyilf m[it cMtaymf plflayirmf piqv< pdfDkf klgfkiy<qfqT '[fbalf `T miAkyakaT. ttftmf EkadfpaEd emyf '[fBmf, cri '[fBmf trfkfkmf ;dfD, `Fyarf Pdfdgfkqf ~]fdv[f `RAq naDvAtvid, tgfkQAdy ekaqfAkEy uyrfnftT '[fB niAl nadfDvtiElEy kaltfAtkf kzikfki[fb[. ;At u]rfnfEt ma]ikfk vackrf 'cmy vatikqf tmftmf mtgfkEq `AmvT ~k `rbfbi mAlnft[rf' '[fB tiRvacktftilf Pbi[af EpaLmf!

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